AMAZING OF SOUTH POLE

Standard

Antarctic Stations Comparison Table (as of 2005)

DdU BTN McMurdo Dome C South Pole
Penguins Adelies everywhere in summer, emperor penguins 5 minutes away in winter Only a few passing Adelies Only a few passing Adelies Never heard of
Other animals 7 species of birds nesting between the buildings, plenty of seals Only some skuas and Weddell seals Some skuas but not much else A lost passing skua once every other year None
Landscape Icebergs, the Astrolabe glacier next door, the sea and the smooth shell of the continent to the south Rock fields, snow fields, the Melbourne volcano in the distance The Erebus and the Transantarctic range in the distance Pure unadulterated emptiness
Hiking Hard to get out of the island in summer, nice sea-ice walks between icebergs in winter Nice hiking on snow and rock There’s probably plenty but they don’t like you walking around Plenty of space but nowhere to go !
Food 3 star restaurant all year long Excellent pasta, pizza party on saturday Just plain gross when I was there Good mix of french and italian food, but lacks fresh veggies even in summer N/A
Internet access Limited email Limited email Full access, even hosting servers Limited email Standard Internet access several hours a day
Pay Proportional to what you make back home Everybody paid the same Depends on your contract, which sometimes changes while you’re there Depends whether you are french or italian Same as McMurdo
Weather Very windy Quite nice Cloudy and dusty Very cold Very cold and also quite windy
Population 100 in summer, 20~35 in winter 100 in summer, nobody in winter 1000 and up in summer, 150~300 in winter 50~60 in summer, 10~16 in winter 100~300 in summer, 30~100 in winter
Brief history Successor of the burn down Port Martin Station, first building completed in 1952, first winterover in 1952, continuous operation since 1956 Active for summer campaigns since about 1980 Scott’s hut built in 1901 is right there but the bulk of the station was built just before the International Geophysical Year of 1957 American summer campaigns in the mid-70s, franco-italian summer activity started in 1996, year round operation started in 2005 Built during the IGY of 1957
Logistics 5 summer rotations a year of the ship Astrolabe, some Twin Otter flights from Terra Nova One rotation of the ship Italica every year, a few C-130 flights from NZ Nuclear ice breakers and other large ships, many C-130 and C-141 flights from NZ Land traverses from DdU, Twin Otter flights from Terra Nova Many C-130 flights from McMurdo
Main science Biology, geophysics… Glaciologyastronomy Cosmology
Link DdU BTN/MZS McMurdo Dome C South Pole

[Cappelle116.jpg]<br />The unmistakable green buildings Scott base (New-Zealand, image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Scott Base, New-Zealand

Left: The unmistakable green buildings Scott base (New-Zealand, image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle118.jpg]<br />Scott base (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: Scott base (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle119.jpg]<br />Activities at Scott base: windsailing and dog sledding. Dogs are now illegal in Antarctica as per the Antarctic Treaty (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: Activities at Scott base: windsailing and dog sledding. Dogs are now illegal in Antarctica as per the Antarctic Treaty (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle123.jpg]<br />View of the channel open for the refueling boats, Scott base in the foreground, the Transantarctic Range in the background (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: View of the channel open for the refueling boats, Scott base in the foreground, the Transantarctic Range in the background (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).



Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, U.S.A.

[Cappelle135.jpg]<br />The true South Pole: the post needs to be moved some tens of meters every year due to  ice motion. In the background the dome hosting the base is visible (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: The true South Pole: the post needs to be moved some tens of meters every year due to ice motion. In the background the dome hosting the base is visible (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle137.jpg]<br />Official ceremony: Martine nails down the PARIS sign on the South Pole pole in the presence of a russian winterer (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: Official ceremony: Martine nails down the PARIS sign on the South Pole pole in the presence of a russian winterer (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

 [Cappelle141.jpg]<br />The 'ceremonial' south pole, next to the Amundsen-Scott station, moves along with the base and the ice plateau (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: The ‘ceremonial’ south pole, next to the Amundsen-Scott station, moves along with the base and the ice plateau (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle142.jpg]<br />The flags of the Antarctic Treaty signatories (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: The flags of the Antarctic Treaty signatories (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle139.jpg]<br />Amundsen-Scott base at the South Pole, open since 1957 (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: Amundsen-Scott base at the South Pole, open since 1957 (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

 [Cappelle143.jpg]<br />The dome housing the Amundsen-Scott base in 1977, now submerged by snow (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: The dome housing the Amundsen-Scott base in 1977, now submerged by snow (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle144.jpg]<br />Entrance of the dome (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: Entrance of the dome (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle146.jpg]<br />Vehicle for moving around the dome (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Right: Vehicle for moving around the dome (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

[Cappelle157.jpg]<br />South Pole, seen from above (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).

Left: South Pole, seen from above (image © Thierry Cappelle 1977, used with permission).


[MidPointCharlie.jpg]<br />Mid-Point Charlie, small outpost.

Mid-Point Charlie

[MidPointCharlieRefueling2.jpg]<br />6 year later, and there's not much left at Midpoint: the airstrip, a small vehicle to level the snow, an emergency bubble and a stack of snow-covered kerosene drums.

This is a tiny outpost located halfway between Terra Nova Bay and Dome C. In 2000 it had a small team of US scientists drilling ice in summer but usually it is empty and only used as a refueling stop by airplanes on their way between Terra Nova and Dome C. On the picture you can see two large fuel bags and a few tents. This station is located on the high Antarctic plateau, but right where the catabatic winds begin to gather some speed while still remaining as cold as at the domes… so it is almost as cold as Dome C but with much more severe windchill. Currently there’s not much there: a tiny emergency tent, a small Kassbohrer to clean up the airstrip, a stack of drums of fuel brought by airplane from BTN and that’s about it. Nobody stays there for longer than it takes to refuel theTwin-Otter.

Left: 6 year later, and there’s not much left at Midpoint: the airstrip, a small vehicle to level the snow, an emergency bubble and a stack of snow-covered kerosene drums. Purchase this image on a royalty-free CD archive compilation


Talos Dome

[TalosDome-TwinOtters.jpg]<br />Twin Otters and fuel tanks on the Talos Dome airstrip.

LeftTwin Otters and fuel tanks on the Talos Dome airstrip.

Talos Dome (sometimes spelled Thalos Dome) is a recent outpost where an new ice core project is under way. Located in Victoria Land, closer to the shore, it has snow coming from a different origin than Dome C: the closeness to the ocean means more humidity and different kinds of chemicals contained in the snow. So it can at the same time be used to correlate the Dome C ice core and see what the differences are. This is another Epica project.

Like most field camps, only the minimal equipment is present: a trailer with basic accommodations, some fuel for airplanes, a few vehicles to work on the camp and just a few french and italian workers. I passed through the camp during a brief Twin Otter stop, just time enough to leave some food and mail. The camp is located on top of one of those snow domes, here 72°48’S, 159°06’E, at an altitude of 2316m.

[TalosDome-FieldCamp.jpg]<br />Part of the field camp installed at Talos Dome: a few trailers brought by a Traverse.

Right: Part of the field camp installed at Talos Dome: a few trailers brought by a Traverse.

[TalosDome-DrillingCave.jpg]<br />Walking towards the drilling cave.

Left: Walking towards the drilling cave.

[TalosDome-DrillingPlatform.jpg]<br />The underground drilling platform, with a partly collapsed roof. The wood beams installed last year didn't stand the weight of snow fallen during the winter. They are in the process of being replaced with stronger metal beams.

Right: The underground drilling platform, with a partly collapsed roof. The wood beams installed last year didn’t stand the weight of snow fallen during the winter. They are in the process of being replaced with stronger metal beams.

[TalosDome-AshLayerInCore.jpg]<br />A glaciologist showing the ash layer found in a recent ice-core. This layer is absent from the Dome C ice-core, showing the importance of drilling in different places to avoid local characteristics.

Left: A glaciologist showing the ash layer found in a recent ice-core. This layer is absent from the Dome C ice-core, showing the importance of drilling in different places to avoid local characteristics.Purchase this image on a royalty-free CD archive compilation


[FaradayLemaire.jpg]<br />Looking north the Lemaire Channel

Faraday, U.K.

I‘ve never been to Faraday Station, but Billy sent me those pictures (with the comments on them). Looks like a pretty nice place. It’s a British station located on the west side of the Antarctic peninsula, near Palmer Station.

[FaradayNorth.jpg]<br />Looking North from Faraday Base

[FaradaySation.jpg]<br />Faraday Base from Thumb Rock

Left: Looking North from Faraday Base

Right: Faraday Base from Thumb Rock

--------

Counters: Page:115445, Section:8534024, Site:34661113.

 

 

File:Ceremonial South Pole.jpg

AMAZING JOURNEY TO NORTH POLE

Standard

Luc’s journal from the North Pole – #5 – April 15th, 2011

We arrived back in Borneo last night expecting to set up our tents for one last night in the cold but to our surprise there was room available in one of the big heated airstrip tents. The luxury of heat made us almost delirious but the truth is none of us slept very well. After so many nights sleeping in the cold our bodies just could not get use to the overheated tent. We had been so happy to reach the North Pole that we spent too much time with our gloves off taking photos, video etc. Unfortunately we all suffered from minor frost bite and the sudden exposure to the heat in the tent made our fingers swell up. Just after we updated the bog yesterday the helicopter arrived with a surprise guest; a couple of government officials from a region in Northeastern Siberia called YAMALO-NENETS. They came to the North Pole for a dedication ceremony and asked us to join them for sausage and hot wine. Life is full of the most unexpected surprises. After the celebration they invited us to share their helicopter for the return trip to Borneo.

Another surprise happened when we walked into tent last night. I saw a women in the distance checking her equipment. As we approached she looked up and I realized it was our good friendWendy Booker who Mary and I climbed Mt. Washington with about 10 years ago. Wendy is leaving tomorrow on the One Degree Dog Sled Expedition. She has an amazing and inspiring story, worth taking the time to read. I will start posting photos in the next couple of days but for now we are just hanging out, talking with scientists and enjoying our last day on the ice.

____________________________________________________________________________________

BACK IN BORNEO

April 15, 2011

BACK IN BORNEO – Time to share what we experienced.

“At the North Pole, with the GPS in hand I calculated that the ice was moving at the rate of 3 feet every 10 seconds!” Luc Hardy

____________________________________________________________________________________

Luc’s journal from the North Pole – #4 – April 14th, 2011

We’ve arrived! Earlier than planned because the currents were favorable and moved us in the right direction. With the ice in constant movement -the North Pole is fleeting- but standing with the GPS in hand we captured 90.000˚. The emotions are strong, we are very happy but it’s almost too cold to celebrate.

We are waiting for the helicopter to arrive to take us back to Borneo. Russian logistics insist on picking us up today. So even if we will not be spending the night, for now at least we are standing on top of the world!

____________________________________________________________________________________

STANDING ON TOP OF THE WORLD

April 14, 2011

NORTH POLE at 3:22 pm (Longyearbyen)

____________________________________________________________________________________

Luc’s journal from the North Pole – #3 – April 13th, 2011

We walked 17 km today and the floating ice carried us 2 additional km closer to our goal.

The weather conditions are great. The sky is blue, hardly any clouds and very little wind.

The elements are so strong that between the sun, the dry air and the wind your skin really takes a beating.

In typical hiker fashion, I bartered a quarter of a roll of toilet paper for the use of a second ski face mask. Everything you see for 360˚ is white. Although you hear the ice crack, there is very little other sound. So far we have seen no wildlife, it’s just the 6 of us! The terrain is becoming very rugged. The pressures ridges are one after the other which makes the going very slow.

The challenge is not climbing over, it’s keeping your pulka upright behind you. At this moment we are 17 km from the pole. With a little luck we will float even closer to it while we sleep.

____________________________________________________________________________________

DRIFTING TOWARDS THE POLE

April 13, 2011

The elements are so strong that between the sun, the dry air and the wind your skin really takes a beating.

Where is the Team?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Luc’s journal from the North Pole – #2 – April 12th, 2011

We encountered our first “ice lead” today and it was cutting right across our route to the North Pole. Leads are caused by movements of the ice due to wind, or to currents in the underlying water and, may open and close again within a brief period. They are beautiful because of their deep blue/black color, but they are also very dangerous obstacles because you never know if there is solid ice below. Ben tested it with his poles and decided that crossing at this location was not worth the risk. We walked further along the ice lead until we came to an area of open water. Tying two pulka’s together we used them as bridges to cross the water.

Unfortunately Ben’s boot and ski got wet, so the boot froze to the ski and Ben’s foot froze in the boot – he is fine now but suffered for the last couple of hours of the trek. Alexandre pitched right-in, taking over many of the duties of setting up camp.

We covered 18 km and our location tonight is 89˚ 40. The temperature is about -25/27˚C. I am sharing the mess tent with Ben and those of you that know me well can understand why I feel right at home.

_________________________________________________________________________________

CROSSING TO THE OTHER SIDE

April 12, 2011

We encountered our first “ice lead” today and it was cutting right across our route to the North Pole.

Where is the Team?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Luc’s journal from the North Pole – #1 – April 11th, 2011

It’s about 2:30pm NY time and we just finished eating and are now heading for the warmth of the sleeping bag. Ben has a talent for making even dried food taste great –tonight’s dinner was fish soup and beef stew– although I sure the fact that we’re famished as a lot to do with it. We are now 59 km from the North Pole location 89˚ 28. The ice is in good condition, with just a low level wind blowing at our backs. In spite of the relatively good travel conditions, I have never been so cold — even in Antarctica. There is no where to go to get away from the cold. It is freezing everywhere… – 25˚C (-13˚F) We are starting to encounter pressure ridges but so far they have been manageable, only about 3m high. Jeff’s thermos broke in his pulka today so although he stayed dry, a lot of his things got wet. We are drying laundry by the cook stove!

____________________________________________________________________________________

AT LAST WE TRANSIT THROUGH BORNEO

April 10, 2011

After a 2h15 flight from Longyearbyen we finally arrived at the Borneo Air Field. The setting is magical; ice, ridges, wind and sun – 24 hours a day. We stayed in Borneo for about 1 1/2 hours but were anxious to start our journey after sitting around for 3 day in Longyearbyen. We set off around 11am and walked for about 3 hours. Our tents are pitched at N 89˚ 15.956 E 138˚54.258. Temperature is – 22˚

Where is the Team?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Matthew Henson – First Man on the North Pole?

April 7, 2011

On this day in 1906, explorer Robert Peary became the first European-American to visit the geographic North Pole.

But few at the time knew it was his manservant Matthew Henson who likely put the first footprints on top of our planet.

Born in Nanjemoy, Maryland in 1866, Henson was only 12 years old and had no formal schooling when he left home to venture on the high seas, first serving as a cabin boy on a merchant vessel. He spent a decade at sea before meeting Admiral Peary, who hired him to join an expedition to Nicaragua. Over the next 22 years, the two men would work side by side, facing freezing temperatures and starvation, making their falling out after achieving their most celebrated goal a sad tale, if perhaps one indicative of the time’s prevailing social mores.

___________________________________________________________________________________

“We are arriving to Spitsbergen where will wait for flight to Barneo Ice Station”

April 6, 2011

Where is Barneo?

This is where we should land on April 8: Ice Base Barneo – here is an excerpt of April 3 Barneo Chronicle from staff there:

April 3, 2011 Coordinates: 89° 06′ 499” N, 115°12’027” E.

According to the morning report from Barneo, 400 meters of the airstrip are ready. The team needs another 24 hours to prepare the runway for airplanes to land. The ice is described as “difficult” – much of the work has to be done with ice shovels. Just like last year, there are three tractor drivers working in shifts.

Yesterday, helicopters ferried all of the fuel over to the base camp and the Zhalyuzi-2 point ceased to exist.

The weather at Barneo is good, with a temperature of -30 °C and a wind of 3-4 m/sec. Skies are clear. The Il-76 needs to make one more drop of fuel at Barneo, but conditions in Murmansk have deteriorated again – wind, rain mixed with snow, and very low clouds.

Winds are also raging in Longyearbyen, literally knocking people off their feet. The temperature is -12 °C. Yesterday we had some guests at our office. Norwegian guide Inge Solheim came with a team offour British veterans led by Prince Harry, who is a patron of the Walking With The Wounded charity organization. We had some tea and talked.

We told them about the Barneo base camp, which will be their starting point, and they told us about their planned expedition to the North Pole. Inge explained that the four Afghanistan veterans were selected for the team through a qualifying round. There were many contenders, but the four winners were Jaco Albert Van Gass, Robert Stephen Young, Guy Fraser Disney, and Martin Joseph Hewitt. The expedition will be a very difficult one. The disabled veterans will ski two degrees (approximately 220 kilometers) to the North Pole – and they will have to do it faster than planned due to delays caused by weather conditions.

___________________________________________________________________________________

North Pole Expedition to Observe Climate Change Effects

April 5, 2011

5 April 2011, Geneva – The “Pax Arctica —North Pole Expedition 2011”, in partnership with Green Cross International, will depart from Longyearbyen, Norway, on 6 April 2011 to the North Pole region, where they will observe and record changes in the region.

Once on the ice, the team will interact with several teams of scientists to learn about observations done in the region. “In this expedition, our objectives include raising awareness about the impact of climate change in the North Pole region in particular and in the world in general,” said Luc Hardy, founder of Pax Arctica and a member of the Green Cross France Board. “We also want to put a particular emphasis on the natural beauty of the Arctic region, and the need to preserve it free of industrial activity and mineral exploration for future generations.” Hardy will lead the expedition with Francois ‘Ben’ Bernard serving as the guide. Ben is one of the world’s most experienced polar guides and experts. He is one of only three in the world to have reached the three poles in complete autonomy (North Pole, South Pole and Mount Everest).

The team will be blogging live from the North Pole on http://sagaxexpeditions.blogspot.com/Findings from the North Pole Expedition 2011 will include pictures and video, and will form part of the inputs to various conferences and events all along the year. As with previous expeditions, the team will include a young person, who serves as a youth ambassador alerting the public about critical environmental issues endangering the Arctic .

Alexandre Laurent, a dynamic 16 year old from France is excited to be a full member of the Pax Arctica team and added: “My teachers at Sidcot School in England are very supportive, my friends are either envious or thinking they would not be capable, and my little brother Julien has already asked me a hundred questions about what’s up there.” “Pax Arctica is an important and valuable initiative to raise awaireness about the impact of climate change on the Arctic and on the current state of our Arcitic regions,” said Adam Koniustewski, GCI Chief Operating Officer. “This areas are experiencing rapid changes so we need to act quickly to save these precious ecosystems.”

“We have sponsored Luc’s environmental endeavors since 2002 and are grateful for his persistent efforts in raising awareness about these great causes. As investors with a strong emphasis in sustainable investment, we are thrilled to continue our support for this year’s polar expedition” said Xavier Lépine, president of UFG-LFP, a multi-specialist and independent asset management firm and one of the corporate partners. Other corporate partners include Young & Rubicam (Y&R).

About Green Cross International

Green Cross International (GCI) is a leading environmental organisation. Founded by President Mikhail Gorbachev in 1993, this non-profit and non-governmental organisation works to address the inter-connected global challenges of security, poverty and environmental degradation through a combination of high-level advocacy and local projects. GCI is present in over 30 countries and has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. For more information about GCI, visit http://www.gcint.org and follow GCI on twitter @GreenCrossInt.

About Pax Artica Pax

Arctica is an environmental initiative founded by veteran adventurer Luc Hardy to protect the Arctic. He is known for his earlier expeditions to Antarctica in 2003, to Greenland in 2007, to Ward Hunt Island (Nunavut) in 2008 and to The Himalayas in 2009. In the last three expeditions, Luc has lead teams of Young Ambassadors to witness changes in these regions of the world. These have been recorded in several books.

For more information on Pax Arctica and the exhibition, please visit http://paxarctica.org/index.html

_________________________________________________________________________________

First North Pole Ozone Hole Forming?

http://bit.ly/fwa9cA

March 22, 2011

Spawned by strangely cold temperatures, “beautiful” clouds helped strip the Arctic atmosphere of most of its protective ozone this winter, new research shows.

The resulting zone of low-ozone air could drift as far south as New York, according to experts who warn of increased skin-cancer risk.

The stratosphere’s global blanket of ozone—about 12 miles (20 kilometers) above Earth—blocks most of the sun’s high-frequency ultraviolet (UV) rays from hitting Earth’s surface, largely preventing sunburn and skin cancer.

But a continuing high-altitude freeze over the Arctic may have already reduced ozone to half its normal concentrations—and “an end is not in sight,” said research leader Markus Rex, a physicist for the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven, Germany.

Preliminary data from 30 ozone-monitoring stations throughout the Arctic show the degree of ozone loss was larger this winter than ever before, Rex said.

Before spring is out, “we may even get the first Arctic ozone hole … which would be a dramatic development—one which would make it into coming history books,” he said.

“It’s too early to call, but stay tuned.”

Atmospheric chemist Simone Tilmes, who wasn’t part of the study, agreed.

“We do not know at the moment how large the ozone hole in the Arctic will grow, because the thinning of the ozone layer is happening right now,” said Tilmes, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado.

Full confirmation may require computer simulations and satellite measurements, which study leader Rex said would “be very useful to provide an independent view of the ozone loss this year.”

An ozone hole is an area of the ozone layer that is seasonally depleted of the protective gas—such as the well-known hole over Antarctica.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Shifting Magnetic North Pole Prompts Aviation Updates

March 11, 2011

While the position of the Magnetic North Pole was first determined in 1833, scientists have been able to estimate its position back to about 1600.

Earth’s Magnetic North Pole is shifting from its current location in northern Canada at a faster rate than has ever before been observed.

The movement could have significant impact for both aircraft navigation and some types of migratory wildlife in the decades ahead, experts warn.

Hundreds of miles south of the geographic North Pole, the location of the Magnetic North Pole was first determined in 1833.

It seemed to barely move until about 1904, when its position began to track northeastward about nine miles per year.

The speed began to increase significantly in a northwesterly direction about 1998, and now averages about 37 miles each year.

This means the pole will be located in northern Russia later this century if the movement and speed don’t change.

Air transportation uses magnetic compass directions for navigation, meaning airports are having to rename their runways as the shift continues.

Wildlife that can sense Earth’s magnetic field to migrate may also become affected by the change.

Sunset at the North Pole

Photographed during the week of May 11, 2009

North Pole Moon

This is the sunset at the North Pole with the moon at its closest point last week.

A scene you will probably never get to see in person, so take a moment and enjoy natures work at the North Pole.

And, you also see the sun below the moon.

An amazing photo and not one easily duplicated. You may want To pass it on to others so they can enjoy it.

The Chinese have a saying that goes something like this:

‘When someone shares with you something of value, you have an obligation to share it with others!’

TALLEST TREE IN THE WORLD

Standard

Tallest tree in the world: coast redwood

The coast redwood, the world’s tallest tree, is one of the three sequoia tree species, together with the giant sequoia(Sequoiadendron giganteum) and the dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). The coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) grows in natural stands in a long, thin coastal area along the Pacific Ocean in the west and northwest of the US (mostly California). It is the tallest tree in the world.
With its relatively slender silhouette this tree can grow even 20 meters higher than the tallest giant sequoias, that are nevertheless the biggest trees in the world, when looking at the volume of the trunk. The tallest known living tree, namedHyperion, is 115.55 m or 379.1 feet (measured in 2006) tall! This gets close to 120 to 130 m, that, according to a 2004 biological study, is the maximum attainable height [1] of a tree.
Foggy coastal forests of the Pacific

During the whole year it rains quite a lot in this thin coastal strip and it is quite foggy most of the time. This way the tree can absorb enough water and does not suffer that much from evaporation stress. Most of the tallest trees can be found in the wet river valleys on fertile, alluvial deposits, although unexpectedly a couple of recently discovered record breaking trees appeared to grow on the valley slopes. The coast redwood forests have an abundant undergrowth (amongst which there are a lot of ferns). However, the biggest biodiversity can be found tens of meters up: differents species of plants, lichens, salamanders, … live high up in the sky between the complex branch systems of the redwoods. Prof. Steve Sillett, who studies these redwood canopies, compares them with “hanging gardens”.

The get an impression of the size of these redwoods: the images above show some of these trees. On the left is the “Del Norte Titan” in the Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, California (© Bob Van Pelt). Notice the people in the left bottom corner. The tree on the right is called “Screaming Titans”, also in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.
The Del Norte Titan has a height of 93.6 m and a girth at breast height of 22.7 m. He is definitely not the tallest coast redwood, or the thickest, but has the second largest trunk volume (“The Lost Monarch” comes in first, depending on your definition of a “single tree”). Nevertheless he is surpassed in volume by the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron), of which about fifteen specimens have a bigger volume with”General Sherman” on top of the list.

Description
On first sight, the needles of the coast redwood do not resemble those of the giant sequoia: they are bigger and flat, much like that of a yew. The crown is conical just like the one of the giant redwood, with an almost equally massive trunk with a reddish brown, soft bark. The egg shaped cones are smaller (2 to 3 cm). In contrast to most other conifers, the coast redwood starts to grow again after being cut. The maximum age is probably around 2500 years.

5 FASTEST BIKES IN THE WORLD

Standard

Top 5 Fastest Bikes in the World

 

 

With enough raw power to shock even the most seasoned adrenaline junky, theK 1200 S hurls you from a dead stop to sixty mph in just 2.8 seconds. Once you’re over the whiplash, you’ll keep climbing, topping out at speeds that run neck-and-neck with the fastest production motorcycles in the world.

The Ducati 1098 is a 1099 cc L-twin sport bike manufactured byDucati. It was announced on November 8, 2006 for the 2007 model year and replaces the 999. The 1098 makes a manufacturer claimed 160 horsepower, 90.4 ft-lb torque, and weighs 173kg. These figures gives the 1098 the highest torque-to-weight ratio of any production sport bike ever made.


The RSV Mille and limited-edition RSV Mille Factory are high performance V-twin powered motorcycles made by Aprilia with a 143 HP 998 cc engine built by the Austrian company Rotax. For 2006. The RSV Mille Factory won the Maxisportcategory forMasterbike 2006 and overall Masterbike of the year.

The Yamaha YZF-R1 motorcycle, introduced in 1998, was the first significant motorcycle in the true litre class (1,000 cc) “handling arms race” between the Japanese Big Four motorcycle manufacturers (Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki and Yamaha). When introduced, it took the class closer to a true racingmotorcycle, and increased the handling capabilities.

Honda CBR 1100 XX Super Blackbird is a sport-touring motorcycle built byHonda. It combines big engine power, Easy operational error-tolerance with touring comfort. The Blackbird production started in 1997 and the last year of production was 2006. The Blackbird was the result of Honda’s attempt to build the world’s fastest production motorcycle, Stealing the crown fromKawasaki.

5 FASTEST BIKES IN THE WORLD

Standard

Top 5 Fastest Bikes in the World

With enough raw power to shock even the most seasoned adrenaline junky, theK 1200 S hurls you from a dead stop to sixty mph in just 2.8 seconds. Once you’re over the whiplash, you’ll keep climbing, topping out at speeds that run neck-and-neck with the fastest production motorcycles in the world.

The Ducati 1098 is a 1099 cc L-twin sport bike manufactured byDucati. It was announced on November 8, 2006 for the 2007 model year and replaces the 999. The 1098 makes a manufacturer claimed 160 horsepower, 90.4 ft-lb torque, and weighs 173kg. These figures gives the 1098 the highest torque-to-weight ratio of any production sport bike ever made.


The RSV Mille and limited-edition RSV Mille Factory are high performance V-twin powered motorcycles made by Aprilia with a 143 HP 998 cc engine built by the Austrian company Rotax. For 2006. The RSV Mille Factory won the Maxisportcategory forMasterbike 2006 and overall Masterbike of the year.

The Yamaha YZF-R1 motorcycle, introduced in 1998, was the first significant motorcycle in the true litre class (1,000 cc) “handling arms race” between the Japanese Big Four motorcycle manufacturers (Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki and Yamaha). When introduced, it took the class closer to a true racingmotorcycle, and increased the handling capabilities.

Honda CBR 1100 XX Super Blackbird is a sport-touring motorcycle built byHonda. It combines big engine power, Easy operational error-tolerance with touring comfort. The Blackbird production started in 1997 and the last year of production was 2006. The Blackbird was the result of Honda’s attempt to build the world’s fastest production motorcycle, Stealing the crown fromKawasaki.

 

FASTEST CAR IN THE WORLD

Standard

Bugatti Veyron 

the fastest car in the world
The Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 is a mid-engined grand touring car. The Super Sport version is the fastest road-legal car in the world, with a top speed of 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph). The original version has a top speed of 408.47 km/h (253.81 mph).Designed and developed by the German Volkswagen Group and produced by Bugatti Automobiles SAS at their headquarters in Château St. Jean in Molsheim (Alsace, France), the Veyron’s chief designer was Hartmut Warkuss, and the exterior was designed by Jozef Kabaň of Volkswagen, with much of the engineering work being conducted under the guidance of former Peterbilt engineer and now Bugatti Engineering chief Wolfgang Schreiber.

The car is named after French racing driver Pierre Veyron, who won the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1939 while racing for the original Bugatti company. It was named Car of the Decade (2000–2009) by the BBC television programme Top Gear.

Specifications and performance

The Veyron features an 8.0 litre W16 engine with sixteen cylinders in four banks of four, equivalent to two narrow-angle V8 engines mated in a W configuration. Each cylinder has four valves for a total of sixty four, but the narrow staggered eight configuration allows two overhead camshafts to drive two banks of cylinders so only four camshafts are needed.

The engine is fed by four turbochargers and displaces 7,993 cubic centimetres (487.8 cu in), with a square 86 by 86 mm (3.4 by 3.4 in) bore and stroke. The official test driver Pierre Henri Raphanel and Adrien drove the Super Sport version of the Veyron on Volkswagen’s Ehra-Lessien high-speed oval to establish the cars top speed. With representatives of the Guinness book of records and German Technical Inspection Agency (TÜV) on hand, Raphanel made passes around the big oval in both directions achieving an average speed of 431.072 km/h (267.856 mph).

The Super Sport features an engine power increase from the standard 1,001 metric horsepower (736 kW; 987 bhp) to 1,200 metric horsepower (883 kW; 1,184 bhp) and torque of 1,500 N·m (1,100 ft·lbf) and a revised aerodynamic package.

The first five production Super Sports will sport the same black and orange finish as the record car and all production models will be electronically limited to 415 km/h (258 mph) to protect the tyres.